Goriyo no Chaya Honjin was a special rest facility used during the Edo period by daimyō, court nobles, and officials of the Tokugawa shogunate traveling along the Nakasendō, one of Japan’s principal highways. Unlike a standard honjin, which functioned as an official inn for overnight stays, Goriyo no Chaya Honjin did not provide lodging. Instead, it served as a place where high-ranking travelers could take meals, rest briefly, or wait while inspections were conducted at nearby checkpoints, making it an essential support facility for official travel. The site was originally the residence of the Nakajima family, who served for generations as village headmen of Goriyo and played an important role in managing and maintaining traffic along the highway. Two residences remain today, known as O-Nishi (West) and O-Higashi (East), both facing the old Nakasendō. The present buildings were reconstructed after a large fire in 1806 and reflect the architectural formality required for hosting high-ranking visitors. Inside are refined shoin-style rooms, including an upper audience chamber and a ceremonial entrance platform (shikidai), clearly conveying the high status of those who once used the facility. Storehouses are found on both the eastern and western sides of the buildings, while the gardens are another notable feature. Designed to incorporate borrowed scenery, the gardens frame views of Mount Tsuzumi and include a quiet rear garden that enhances the sense of dignity and calm. O-Nishi was designated a Gunma Prefectural Historic Site in 1958, followed by O-Higashi in 1984, preserving this rare example of an Edo-period roadside facility closely tied to official travel and governance.